Type of test Urine (24-hour)
Normal findings
25-100 mEq/L/day or 25-100 mmol/day (SI units)
(Values vary greatly with diet.)
Test explanation and related physiology
K is the major cation within the cell (see previous test). K can be measured in both a spot collection and a 24-hour urine col lection. K concentration in the urine depends on many factors. Aldosterone and, to a lesser extent, glucocorticosteroids tend to increase the renal losses of K. Acid–base balance is dependent on K excretion to a small degree. In alkalotic states, hydrogen can be resorbed in exchange for K. The kidneys cannot resorb K. Therefore the intake of K is balanced by kidney excretion.
Interfering factors
• Dietary intake affects K levels.
• Excessive intake of licorice may cause increased levels.
* Drugs that may cause increased levels include diuretics, glucocorticoids, and salicylates.
Procedure and patient care
• See inside front cover for Routine Urine Testing.
Abnormal findings
Increased levels
- Chronic renal failure
- Renal tubular acidosis
- Cushing syndrome
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Excessive intake of licorice
- Alkalosis
- Diuretic therapy
Decreased levels
- Dehydration
- Addison disease
- Malnutrition
- Vomiting Diarrhea Malabsorption Acute renal failure
