Block p : Main Group Metals

Main Group chemistry is a vast area of research best addressed through specialist textbooks on the topic. The main group is considered most important as the source of the nonmetal donor heteroatoms such as N. O. S and P that metal ions use in forming coordination complexes. It also houses the metalloids which display mixed nonmetal-metal character and engage in coordination chemistry. However the p block is a source of a number of important metals as well, including the most common metal in the Earth's crust aluminium. The metallic elements of the p block form cations that are generally good Lewis acids in their common oxidation states as these oxidation states are often high as a result of the number of valence electrons in the elemental form being at least three. As in the s block, metals of the p block tend to form stable ions through complete loss of their valence shell of electrons to leave the inert gas core electrons only:

However, elements such as tin and lead form both M²⁺ and M⁴⁺ compounds and most of their stable coordination compounds involve the M(II) oxidation state; likewise, indium forms In³⁺ and Int. We can interpret this simply by seeing it as loss of at least sufficient electrons to leave a full subshell:

However it is only the heavier metals of the p block that tend to display this trait. Thus, aluminium exists in its ionic form almost exclusively as Al³⁺ and as a consequence of being a light element with a high charge, has a high surface charge density and is a 'hard' Lewis acid. It has, like the s-block elements, a preference for O-donor ligands but binds efficiently to chelating ligands that also carry other types of donors. It forms a [Al(OH₂)₆]³⁺ complex although this readily undergoes proton loss (hydrolysis) from some coordinated water groups to form bound HO- as the pH rises, due to the influence of the highly-charged metal ion on the acidity of the bound water groups. Chelates of particularly O-donor or mixed O.N-donor ligands form relatively strong complexes with Al(III).

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم رعاية الصحن الشريف ينشر لافتات الحزن بذكرى هدم قبور أئمة البقيع (عليهم السلام)

قسم صناعة الشبابيك يباشر صناعة كتيبة قرآنية لمرقد الإمامين الكاظمين (عليهما السلام)

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يقدم ورشة عن البوابة العراقية للمعرفة في الجامعة المستنصرية

سماحة السيد الصافي يتشرف بزيارة مرقد الإمامين العسكريين (عليهما السلام) في سامراء

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

اكتشاف هام قد يمهّد لعلاج جديد للسمنة

تغييرات بسيطة في نمط الحياة تقلل خطر أمراض القلب بنسبة كبيرة

ليس اللب فقط!.. قشرة وبذور المانغو تخفي فوائد صحية مذهلة

زيادة استهلاك الكالسيوم ومنتجات الألبان يحمينا من مشكلات صحية خطيرة

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

العلماء الروس يكتشفون طريقة تحسن فرص نجاح زراعة الأسنان

لحظة زمنية خاطفة في الدماغ تتحكم في التعلم والحركة

القمر لم يعد مجرد محطة.. خطوة جديدة تغيّر مستقبل البشرية

العلماء يكتشفون "نوعا جديد تماما" من الكواكب

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Block f : Inner Transition Metals (Lanthanoids and Actinoids)

Block d: Transition Metals

= Block s : Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals

A New Face - Oxidation-Reduction

A New Body - Stereochemical Change

Lability and Inertness in Octahedral Complexes

Kinetic Rate Constants

Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability

Undergoing Change– Kinetic Stability

Overall Stability Constants

Factors Influencing Stability of Metal Complexes

Bedded Down– The rmodynamic Stability