Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Animate and Inanimate nouns
Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adverbs
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pronouns
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
prepositions
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
conjunctions
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Phrases
Sentences
Clauses
Part of Speech
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Demonstratives
Determiners
Direct and Indirect speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Assessment
Syntactic features
المؤلف:
Angela Downing
المصدر:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR A UNIVERSITY COURSE
الجزء والصفحة:
P56-C2
2026-05-06
8
+
-
20
Syntactic features
Phrasal verbs are combinations of a lexical verb and an adverbial particle (p) (get up, switch on/off, take back, sit down). They may be intransitive, with no object, as in 1 or transitive (with a direct object) as in 2 and 3:
1 What time do you usually get up in the morning?
2a She switched off the light. 2b She switched the light off.
3 She switched it off.
With a noun as Object, the particle in most cases may either precede or follow the object as in 2. But if the Object is a pronoun, the particle is placed after it, as in 3.
The motivation for this choice has to do with the distribution of information. We focus on the new information by placing it last. So in 2a the new information is the light; while in 2b and 3 it is the switching off. Pronouns do not usually represent new information and are placed before the particle.
This choice of emphasizing either the noun or the particle is not possible with a synonymous one-word verb. Compare:
They cancelled the wedding. (focus on wedding)
They called off the wedding. (focus on wedding)
They called the wedding off. (focus on off)
Some verb + particle combinations can be used both transitively and intransitively, e.g. blow up (= explode), break down (= reduce to pieces). In some cases, the transitive and intransitive clauses form an ergative pair with a causative meaning in the transitive:
Terrorists have blown up the power station. (transitive)
The power station has blown up. (intransitive)
while in others the meaning is related by metaphorical extension:
They broke down the door to rescue the child. (transitive)
Her health broke down under the strain. (intransitive)
The car has broken down. (= stop working) (intransitive)
الاكثر قراءة في Syntax
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
