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Risk Factors for osteoporosis

المؤلف:  Wass, J. A. H., Arlt, W., & Semple, R. K. (Eds.).

المصدر:  Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes

الجزء والصفحة:  3rd edition , p730

2026-07-02

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A number of risk factors have been identified for osteoporosis (Box 1). Bone loss can be stopped, or reversed, if risk factors such as primary hyperparathyroidism are identified and treated. The patient who presents with a vertebral fracture and low BMD is likely to have had one of four causes (Figure 1). It is impossible to know the importance of peak bone mass and the rate of bone loss in retrospect. Questions can be asked about early menopause and about the drugs and diseases known to accelerate bone loss. We usually assess risk factors by administering a questionnaire before first attendance at the clinic, by carrying out a limited bio chemical work- up before the clinic visit (Box 2), and, after the clinical, evaluation exploring alternative diagnoses.

Box1. Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Fig1. The possible causes of low bone mass in a 70- year- old woman. Note how peak bone mass is attained about the age of 30 years and the phase of accelerated bone loss begins at the menopause. The lower the bone density falls, the greater the risk of fracture.

Box2. Diagnostic evaluation of osteoporosis