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Genome projects for a diversity of model organisms

المؤلف:  Strachan, T., & Read, A.

المصدر:  Human molecular genetics

الجزء والصفحة:  5th E, P213

2026-09-22

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From the outset, the goals of the HGP included sequencing the genomes of five model organisms, partly as technology test beds. The genome sequences for four of the five model organisms prioritized by the HGP—E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, and D. melanogaster— were obtained at an early stage in the project and were helpful in guiding the mapping and sequencing strategies that would be applied to the more complex human genome.

Draft mouse genome sequences were obtained in 2001/2002, and as detailed below, comparison of human and mouse sequences was to prove extremely important in identifying human genes and in establishing their exon–intron organizations. Genome projects were also launched for other organisms outside the remit of the IHGSC, and by late 2016 over 28,600 genome sequence projects had been completed and an additional 17,550 incomplete genome projects had been recorded.

Most of the sequenced genomes have come from prokaryotes, notably bacteria. As well as clarifying evolutionary relationships, the principal motivation for sequencing bacterial genomes has been to understand their involvement in pathogenesis or for applications in biotechnology. The several thousand genome projects for eukaryotes have been motivated by the need to understand general research models, models of disease and development, models for evolutionary and comparative genomic studies, farm animals and crops, and pathogenic protozoa and nematodes. Relevant genome data can be accessed at certain Websites that provide compilations of genome databases.