تسجيل الدخول

تسجيل

Phosphine and phosphides

المؤلف:  Sue Jickells , Adam Negrusz (Editors)

المصدر:  Clarkes Analytical Forensic Toxicology

الجزء والصفحة:  p113-114

2026-09-24

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Phosphine and phosphides

Phosphine (hydrogen phosphide; PH₃) is a highly toxic colourless gas with a strong garlic or fishy smell, and is used in a number of industrial processes (e.g. the production of acetylene gas and manufacture of semiconductors). It is also generated by the action of moisture on phosphides. Aluminium phosphide is used extensively as a cheap and effective grain fumigant and rodenticide in developing countries. Aluminium phosphide poisoning has a high mortality and the 1990s saw a dramatic increase in the number of poisoning cases and deaths caused by suicidal ingestion, particularly in India (Christophers et al. 2002). Poisoning cases have also occurred in France (Anger et al. 2000), Turkey (Bayazit et al. 2000) and Germany (Popp et al. 2002). Signs and symptoms of poisoning include headache, nausea, vomiting and hypotension, which may progress to hepatic and renal failure (Guale et al. 1994; Sing et al. 1996; Lakshmi 2002; Popp et al. 2002). Methaemoglobin formation has also been reported (Lakshmi 2002).