Uses of Chloromethanes

The major use of methyl chloride is to produce silicon polymers.  Other uses include the synthesis of tetramethyl lead as a gasoline octane booster, a methylating agent in methyl cellulose production, a solvent,  and a refrigerant.

Methylene chloride has a wide variety of markets. One major use is a paint remover. It is also used as a degreasing solvent, a blowing agent for polyurethane foams, and a solvent for cellulose acetate. Chloroform is mainly used to produce chlorodifluoromethane (Fluorocarbon 22) by the reaction with hydrogen fluoride:

This compound is used as a refrigerant and as an aerosol propellent. It is also used to synthesize tetrafluoroethylene, which is polymerized to a heat resistant polymer (Teflon):

Carbon tetrachloride is used to produce chlorofluorocarbons by the reaction with hydrogen fluoride using an antimony pentachloride (SbCl₅) catalyst:

The formed mixture is composed of trichlorofluoromethane (Freon-11) and dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon-12). These compounds are used as aerosols and as refrigerants. Due to the depleting effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer, the production of these compounds may be reduced appreciably.

Much research is being conducted to find alternatives to CFCs with little or no effect on the ozone layer. Among these are HCFC-123 (HCCl₂CF₃) to replace Freon-11 and HCFC-22 (CHClF₂) to replace Freon-12 in such uses as air conditioning, refrigeration, aerosol, and foam. These compounds have a much lower ozone depletion value compared to Freon-11, which was assigned a value of 1. Ozone depletion values for HCFC-123 and HCFC-22 relative to Freon-11 equals 0.02 and 0.055, respectively.

مواضيع ذات صلة

سلوك المعادن الطينية في علاقتها مع الماء

تصنيف النفط الخام Classification of Crude Oils

التحليل المطلق Ultimate Analysis

المكونات الرئيسية للنفط الخام الموجود في منطقة القيارة

نفط خام القيار

النفط الخام ومكوناته

النفط والطاقة Oil and Energy

مزائج اسفلت – اسفلتين

أساليب تحوير المواصفات الريولوجية للاسفلت

صفات الاسفلت الريولوجية Properties of Asphalt Rheological

استخدامات الاسفلت Asphalt Uses of

التركيب الكيميائي للاسفلت Chemical Composition of Asphalt