SYNTHETIC FIBERS

Fibers are solid materials characterized by a high ratio of length to diameter. They can be manufactured from a natural origin such as silk, wool, and cotton, or derived from a natural fiber such as rayon. They may also be synthesized from certain monomers by polymerization (synthetic fibers). In general, polymers with high melting points, high crystallinity, and moderate thermal stability and tensile strengths are suitable for fiber production.

Man-made fibers include, in addition to synthetic fibers, those derived from cellulose (cotton, wood) but modified by chemical treatment such as rayon, cellophane, and cellulose acetate. These are sometimes termed “regenerated cellulose fibers.” Rayon and cellophane have shorter chains than the original cellulose due to degradation by alkaline treatment.

Cellulose acetates produced by reacting cellulose with acetic acid and modified or regenerated fibers are excluded from this book because they are derived from a plant source. Fibers produced by drawing metals or glass (SiO₂) such as glass wool are also excluded.

Major fiber-making polymers are those of polyesters, polyamides (nylons), polyacrylics, and polyolefins. Polyesters and polyamides are produced by step polymerization reactions, while polyacrylics and polyolefins are synthesized by chain-addition polymerization.

مواضيع ذات صلة

تقدير الكتل المولارية من إتزان الترسب

الأسموزية والديلزة Osmosis and dialysis

الحجم والشكل

الوزن الجزيئي للبوليمرات

البوليمرات المؤلفة من سلاسل رئيسة لا عضوية

البوليمرات ذات مجموعة الروابط الإقترانية

تصنيف مركبات الجزيئات الضخمة ذات السلاسل اللامتجانسة

تصنيف مركبات الجزيئات الضخمة الحاوية على سلاسل كربونية

تصنيف وتسمية مركبات الجزيئات الضخمة

الشكل الهندسي للبوليمر

البوليمرات المشتركة

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