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2023-04-18 
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8 essential factors for cardiovascular health
A new study finds that people who stick closely to a set of measures of cardiovascular health may live nearly a decade longer than those who don't.
The study, published in the journal Circulation, found that those with the highest scores on cardiovascular health lived up to nine years longer, on average, then those with the lowest scores. American Heart Aka Life's Essential 8.
These measures encourage not using tobacco products, being physically active, eating a healthy diet, getting adequate sleep, managing weight, and controlling blood pressure, blood glucose and cholesterol levels.
A previous study found that adults who adhered most to these measures lived longer without chronic disease than those with lower scores.
The new findings provide evidence "that you can modify your lifestyle to live longer," said the study's lead author Dr. Lu Qi, professor of epidemiology and director of the Obesity Research Center at Tulane University in New Orleans.
Chi and colleagues analyzed data from 23,003 adults who participated in the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, along with data from the National Mortality Index through December 31, 2019.
The participants ranged in age from 20 to 79, and were followed for an average of 7.8 years. Using a 100-point scale, the researchers determined whether the participants had low (less than 50), medium (50 to 79), or high (80) scores. or higher) in cardiovascular health for each of the eight measures. They also calculated an overall score for cardiovascular health.
And people with the highest overall scores had an average of 8.9 years longer life expectancy at age 50 than those with the lowest scores.
Tobacco use, sleep, physical activity and blood sugar levels had the greatest impact on life expectancy.
Compared to people who smoked the most, those who didn't smoke lived 7.4 years longer. And those who slept the recommended seven to nine hours per night lived five years longer than those who slept too much or not enough.
The most physically active people lived 4.6 years longer than those who were the least active. And those who scored higher on maintaining blood glucose control lived 4.9 years longer than those with poor blood glucose control.
"What this shows us is how important it is to comprehensively assess an individual's cardiovascular health, based on these eight factors," said Nathan Wong, professor and director of the Heart Disease Prevention Program in the Department of Cardiology at UC Irvine.
About 42% of the increase in life expectancy is attributed to fewer deaths related to cardiovascular disease.
However, this means that approximately 58% of the life years gained from having a better cardiovascular health profile were not related to cardiovascular disease. "This suggests that the effect of maintaining cardiovascular health extends to other causes of death," says Wong, who was not involved in the research.
Wong said the findings should motivate people to better understand their cardiovascular disease risks through annual health check-ups and the use of online tools.
And while Life's Essential 8 includes several key measures of cardiovascular health, Wong said future research should look at the extent to which other factors may also play a role, such as psychosocial factors (stress and depression), as well as social determinants of health such as getting health care.
"Because the study looked exclusively at mortality, effects on non-fatal cardiovascular outcomes should also be examined, given its significant impact on healthcare utilization," he added.
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