Stem cells from human stomachs can be transformed into cells that secrete insulin in response to elevated blood sugar levels, providing a promising approach for treating type 1 diabetes.
In the study, published in Nature Cell Biology, scientists showed that they could take stem cells obtained from human stomach tissue and reprogram them directly, with surprisingly high efficiency, into cells very similar to the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas known as beta cells.
The experiment, led by researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine in the US, revealed that transplants of insulin-secreting gastric (GINS) cells reversed signs of diabetes in mice.
The beta cells of the pancreas normally secrete the hormone insulin in response to high levels of sugar in the blood.
In people with diabetes, these tissues become damaged or die, affecting their ability to transport glucose into cells for energy.
Although GINS are not beta cells, they can mimic their function.
The gut contains a lot of stem cells, which can transform into many other types of cells, and multiply rapidly.
The hope is that diabetics will be able to convert their own stem cells into gastric insulin-secreting (GINS) cells, reducing the risk of rejection.
"The stomach makes its own hormone-secreting cells, and gastric cells and pancreatic cells are adjacent at the embryonic stage of development, so it's not entirely surprising that gastric stem cells readily transform into secreting cells," says Jo Zhu, MD, associate professor of regenerative medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York.
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