Read More
Date: 8-7-2018
2345
Date: 10-5-2019
1562
Date: 29-8-2019
746
|
The reaction of alkyl and aryl halides with reactive metals (usually Li & Mg) to give nucleophilic reagents has been noted. This provides a powerful tool for the conversion of chloro, bromo or iodo substituents into a variety of other groups. Many reactions of these aryl lithium and Grignard reagents will be discussed in later sections, and the following equations provide typical examples of carboxylation, protonation and Gilman coupling. Metal halogen exchange reactions take place at low temperature, and may be used to introduce iodine at designated locations. An example of this method will be displayed below by clicking on the diagram. In this example care must be taken to maintain a low temperature, because elimination to an aryne intermediate takes place on warming.
|
|
الصحة العالمية: شركات التبغ تستهدف جيلا جديدا بهذه الحيل
|
|
|
|
|
بكل عزيمة ونشاط.. كيف يمكن للطلبة مواجهة الامتحانات؟
|
|
|
|
|
المرجع الديني الاعلى يستقبل المتولي الشرعي للعتبة الحسينية ويثني على جهوده في مختلف المجالات
|
|
|