Read More
Date: 5-8-2018
![]()
Date: 8-7-2018
![]()
Date: 31-10-2019
![]() |
The conjugate base of benzoic acid is destabilized by electron-donating groups. This makes the acid less acidic
Electron-donating groups activate the benzene ring to electrophilic attack and make benzoic acids less acidic.
Notice the trend in the following table where electron donating substituents (X) at the para position lead to weaker acids while those having more electron withdrawing groups, further down the table, generate stronger acids.
Dissociation Constants of p-Substituted Benzoic Acid |
||
X |
pKa |
|
—N(CH3)2 |
6.03 |
|
—NHCH3 |
5.04 |
|
—OH |
4.57 |
|
—OCH3 |
4.50 |
|
—C(CH3)3 |
4.38 |
|
—H |
4.20 |
|
—Cl |
4.00 |
|
—Br |
3.96 |
|
—CHO |
3.77 |
|
—CN |
3.55 |
|
—NO2 |
3.43 |
|
|
حقن الذهب في العين.. تقنية جديدة للحفاظ على البصر ؟!
|
|
|
|
|
"عراب الذكاء الاصطناعي" يثير القلق برؤيته حول سيطرة التكنولوجيا على البشرية ؟
|
|
|
|
|
جمعية العميد تعقد اجتماعها الأسبوعي لمناقشة مشاريعها البحثية والعلمية المستقبلية
|
|
|