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Date: 2-11-2019
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Date: 29-8-2019
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Date: 22-9-2020
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An amine is an organic derivative of ammonia (NH3). In amines, one or more of the H atoms in NH3 is substituted with an organic group. A primary amine has one H atom substituted with an R group:
A secondary amine has two H atoms substituted with R groups:
A tertiary amine has all three H atoms substituted with R groups:
Naming simple amines is straightforward: name the R groups as substituents and then add the suffix –amine, using numerical suffixes on the substituent names as necessary. This amine is diethylamine.
This amine is ethyldipropylamine.
Name this amine.
Solution
This amine has a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a propyl group. Listing the names in alphabetical order, this amine is ethylmethylpropylamine.
Test Yourself
Name this amine.
Answer
triethylamine
As with NH3, the N atom in amines can accept a proton onto the lone electron pair on the N atom. That is, amines act as Brønsted-Lowry bases (i.e., proton acceptors):
The amine becomes an ion, the organic counterpart of the ammonium (NH4+) ion.
The weakness of amines is about the same as that of carboxylic acids. N-containing organic compounds are very common in nature, and they all act as weak bases. Some of these compounds have rather complicated structures. Figure 1.1 “Some Naturally Occurring N-Containing Compounds” shows some N-containing substances that you may recognize.
Figure 1.1 Some Naturally Occurring N-Containing Compounds
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